How much will it cost to remediate my site?

Enhanced reductive dechlorination is based on attaining and maintaining control of an aquifer for a period of time sufficient to degrade all constituents of concern and their daughter products. Attaining and maintaining control of an aquifer is highly dependent on the hydrogeology and geochemistry of the site along with the microbial populations present. Since the hydrogeology and geochemistry is different for every site, a blanket cost can not be given for any specific site. In general, enhanced reductive dechlorination will cost less than $10 per cubic yard of media treated on most non-DNAPL sites. This compares with about $60 per cubic yard for excavation (without disposal) and about $90 per cubic yard for chemical oxidation.

Can I reach MCLs with enhanced reductive dechlorination?

In some cases, MCLs can be attained with enhanced reductive dechlorination. Much more frequently, reductions in contaminant mass of one to two orders of magnitude are common.

Do the costs include freight?

Because freight is costed from a warehouse to a delivery point, freight costs are quoted separately. Unless otherwise stated, due to the volatility of the fuels market, freight costs are generally valid for 30 days. Consideration should be given to the receiving facility’s capacity to off load a truck. In situations where the product is delivered to a facility without the capacity to off-load a delivery vehicle, arrangements can be made (for an additional charge) for delivery on a vehicle with a lift gate and pallet jack.

When do I need to reinject?

Reinjection schedules should be based on the geochemistry of an aquifer and not on a calendar schedule. In many cases, multiple injections can be spaced further apart over time.

Will reductive dechlorination work in tight clay?

Since the main goal of adding a substrate to an aquifer is to attain and maintain anaerobic conditions for an extended period of time, because of the limited flows clay sites should be ideal for enhanced reductive dechlorination. In practice, clay sites with adequately spaced injection points usually show very rapid response to substrate addition.

What should my injection spacing be?

Injection spacing should be sufficient to promote robust reductive dechlorination throughout the treatment zone for a time sufficient to attain complete reductive dechlorination. Injection spacing is dependent upon the dissolution rate of the substrate, the dosage, aquifer velocity, and competing electron acceptor and contaminant flux.

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REFERENCES

Alternative Electron Donor Evaluation for Enhanced In Situ Bioremediation at INEEL Tamzen Wood (Northwind), Ryan Wymore (Northwind), Jennifer P. Martin (Northwind), Kent Sorenson (North Wind), and Brad Blackwelder (INEEL) Battelle, Seventh Int’l In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, Orlando, FL, June 2003.

Low-Cost Reductive Dechlorination of Chloroform in a Fractured Bedrock Aquifer. Bryon Dahlgren (Earth Tech), David S. Woodward (Earth Tech), Mark S. Heaston (Earth Tech), and Steve Olp (Celanese) Battelle, Eighth Int’l In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2005

An Evaluation of Geochemical Conditions Necessary for the Effective Treatment of Commingled Nitrate, Nitroaromatic, and Nitroazine Explosives in Groundwater Mark S. Heaston (Earth Tech) and Lisa M.VanDyke (Earth Tech). Battelle, Fifth Int’l Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, CA, May 2006.

Demonstration of Semipassive Electron Donor Addition for In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate. Thomas Krug, Evan E. Cox, David M. Bertrand, and Grant Scholes (GeoSyntec Consultants), and Bryan Harre (Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center).

Fun Facts

A form of WILCLEAR^® sodium lactate has been used for years as a food preservative. If you ate pre-prepared meat or mass produced bakery goods for lunch or dinner today, those foods most likely were treated with sodium lactate to give them a longer shelf life.

Microcosm studies comparing WILCLEAR^® to other soluble donors show that while all four donors stimulate complete dechlorination of PCE to ethene, WILCLEAR^® and ethanol have the fastest dechlorination kinetics.

Sodium lactate (wt/wt): 60 ± 1.2%
Assay sodium (wt/wt): 12.3 ± 0.3%
Water (wt/wt): 40 ± 1.2%
pH: 7.5 ± 1.0
Specific gravity: 1.2 – 1.3
Soluble in water
Color: Clear to light straw
Viscosity: 100 cP at 68°F

Handling

Store unopened under dry conditions at temperatures between 35°F and 85°F.
The shelf life of the unopened products is 2 years
The opened product should be used within 30 days
Diluted products should be used within 5 days to avoid microbial growth and activity which may cause gas buildups in containers and visible growth which may foul equipment.
Following injection of material, wells should be flushed with clean water to prevent microbial growth.
Equipment decontamination should follow site-specific requirements. In most situations, any product residual should be flushed into the aquifer and then chased with clean water.

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